The impact of health financing and CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> emission on health outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa: A cross-country analysis     

Abdalla Sirag  Norashidah Mohamed Nor  Siong Hook Law  Nik Mustapha Raja Abdullah  Miloud Lacheheb 《GeoJournal》2017,82(6):1247-1261

The current paper examines the relationship between health financing (public and out-of-pocket health financing), CO₂ emission and health outcomes in 35 Sub-Saharan African countries for the period of 1995–2012. The panel unit root and cointegration tests are conducted as pre-tests, followed by the estimation of the parameters using the FM-OLS and DOLS techniques. The findings of the study show the importance of public health financing as one of the major factors that lead to better health outcomes, whereas the out-of-pocket expenditure is found to be harmful to population health since it leads to increase under-5 mortality rate. Although the results show a negative relationship between CO₂ and health outcomes, still these results remain inclusive. In addition, the findings reveal the importance of socioeconomic factors such as income and education as key determinants of health outcomes.  相似文献   

Landslide susceptibility mapping of the Sera River Basin using logistic regression model   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Nussaïbah B. Raja  Ihsan Çiçek  Necla Türkoğlu  Olgu Aydin  Akiyuki Kawasaki 《Natural Hazards》2017,85(3):1323-1346

Of the natural hazards in Turkey, landslides are the second most devastating in terms of socio-economic losses, with the majority of landslides occurring in the Eastern Black Sea Region. The aim of this study is to use a statistical approach to carry out a landslide susceptibility assessment in one area at great risk from landslides: the Sera River Basin located in the Eastern Black Sea Region. This paper applies a multivariate statistical approach in the form of a logistics regression model to explore the probability distribution of future landslides in the region. The model attempts to find the best fitting function to describe the relationship between the dependent variable, here the presence or absence of landslides in a region and a set of independent parameters contributing to the occurrence of landslides. The dependent variable (0 for the absence of landslides and 1 for the presence of landslides) was generated using landslide data retrieved from an existing database and expert opinion. The database has information on a few landslides in the region, but is not extensive or complete, and thus unlike those normally used for research. Slope, angle, relief, the natural drainage network (including distance to rivers and the watershed index) and lithology were used as independent parameters in this study. The effect of each parameter was assessed using the corresponding coefficient in the logistic regression function. The results showed that the natural drainage network plays a significant role in determining landslide occurrence and distribution. Landslide susceptibility was evaluated using a predicted map of probability. Zones with high and medium susceptibility to landslides make up 38.8 % of the study area and are located mostly south of the Sera River Basin and along streams.  相似文献   

The size, mass, and composition of plastic debris in the western North Atlantic Ocean   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Skye Morét-Ferguson  Kara Lavender Law  Ellen K. Murphy  Christopher M. Reddy 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(10):1873-1878

This study reports the first inventory of physical properties of individual plastic debris in the North Atlantic. We analyzed 748 samples for size, mass, and material composition collected from surface net tows on 11 expeditions from Cape Cod, Massachusetts to the Caribbean Sea between 1991 and 2007. Particles were mostly fragments less than 10 mm in size with nearly all lighter than 0.05 g. Material densities ranged from 0.808 to 1.24 g ml⁻¹, with about half between 0.97 and 1.04 g ml⁻¹, a range not typically found in virgin plastics. Elemental analysis suggests that samples in this density range are consistent with polypropylene and polyethylene whose densities have increased, likely due to biofouling. Pelagic densities varied considerably from that of beach plastic debris, suggesting that plastic particles are modified during their residence at sea. These analyses provide clues in understanding particle fate and potential debris sources, and address ecological implications of pelagic plastic debris.  相似文献   

Erratum to: Partially non-ergodic region specific GMPE for Europe and Middle-East     

Sreeram Reddy Kotha  Dino Bindi  Fabrice Cotton 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2016,14(8):2435-2435

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Preparation of Visible Light Active Ag‐ and N‐Doped KVMoO6: Photodegradation of Methylene Blue          下载免费PDF全文

Jitta Raju Reddy  Sreenu Kurra  Naveen Kumar Veldurthi  Prathapuram Shrujana  Ravinder Guje  Muga Vithal 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2016,44(11):1584-1590

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Vertisols (cracking clay soils) in a climosequence of Peninsular India: Evidence for Holocene climate changes     

D.K. Pal  T. Bhattacharyya  P. Chandran  S.K. Ray  P.L.A. Satyavathi  S.L. Durge  P. Raja  U.K. Maurya 《Quaternary International》2009,209(1-2):6

Smectitic parent material from the weathering Deccan basalt has been deposited in the lower piedmont plains, valleys and microdepressions during a previous wetter climate. The cracking clay soils (Vertisols) were developed in such alluvium during drier climate of the Holocene period. In India they occur in humid tropical (HT), sub-humid moist (SHM), sub-humid dry (SHD), semi-arid moist (SAM), semi-arid dry (SAD) and arid dry (AD) climatic environments and thus indicate an array of soils in a climosequence.The soils show a change in their morphological, physical, chemical and micromorphological properties in the climosequence. Soils of HT climate are dominated by Ca⁺⁺ ions in their exchange complex throughout depth. However, in the sub-humid climates Mg⁺⁺ ions tend to dominate in the lower horizons. The sub-humid moist to aridic climatic environments caused a progressive formation of pedogenic calcium carbonates (PC) with the concomitant increase in Na⁺ ions in soil solution. This facilitated the translocation of Na-clay in the soil profile. This is responsible for the increase in pH, decrease in Ca/Mg ratio of exchange sites with depth and finally in the development of subsoil sodicity. The reduction in mean annual rainfall (MAR) from sub-humid moist to arid climates accelerated the formation of PC and thus the soils of semi-arid and arid climates (SAM, SAD and AD) are more calcareous and sodic than soils of other climates (SHM and SHD).Formation of PC, illuviation of clay and the development of subsoil sodicity are concurrent, contemporary and active pedogenetic processes operating during the climate change of the Holocene period. These processes impaired the hydraulic properties of soils in general, and in soils of drier climates in particular. As a result, cracking pattern, chemical composition and plasmic fabric were more modified in soils of the drier climates. Such modifications in soil properties have a place in the rationale of Vertisol order of the US Soil Taxonomy. The soils of wetter climates (HT, SHM and SHD) are grouped in Typic Haplusterts whereas the soils of drier climates (SAM, SAD and AD) are classified as Aridic Haplusterts, Sodic Haplusterts and Sodic Calciusterts. The present study demonstrates how the intrinsic soil properties of the cracking clay soils in a climosequence may help in inferring the change in climate in a geologic period.  相似文献   

Topographic Constraints on Deviatoric Stress Field in the Indo-Eurasian Collision Region: Seismo-Tectonic Implications     

Mahesh N. Shrivastava  C. D. Reddy  Sanjay K. Prajapati 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2013,170(4):515-527

The deviatoric stress field are computed from the inversion of Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE) for the Indo-Eurasian plate collision region including the Himalaya and the Tibet Plateau. The resulting stress pattern in combination with stress and strain rates obtained by inverting, respectively, the focal mechanism solution of large earthquakes and GPS derived plate motions are used to study the nature of the present-day deformations. A narrow belt bordering the Himalayan collision zone from the south is characterized by strong compressive stresses. The variations in stress pattern along this belt coincide with arc-normal ridges extending into the Himalaya and are able to explain arc-parallel segmentation of seismicity. Gravitational collapse seems to play an important role in the southeastern Tibet Plateau. Depth sensitivity of the seismic derived stresses and GPS derived surface strain rates coupled with evidence of arcuate shaped high electrical conductivity favour strong ductile flow around the Eastern Himalaya Syntaxis (EHS) at mid-crustal depth. The deflection of crustal flow indicted by the viscous resistance offered by the rigid Sichuan basin adds to the traction stresses to cause clockwise rotation of the block around EHS.  相似文献   

Understanding the Spatial Variability of Chlorophyll a and Total Suspended Matter Distribution Along the Southwest Bay of Bengal Using In-Situ and OCM-2 & MODIS-Aqua Measurements     

D. Poornima  R. Shanthi  S. Raja  G. Vijayabaskara Sethubathi  T. Thangaradjou  T. Balasubramanian  K. N. Babu  A. K. Shukla 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2013,41(3):651-662

Spatial and temporal distribution of chlorophyll a (chl a) and Total Suspended Matter (TSM) and inter comparison of Ocean Color Monitor-2 (OCM-2) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer (MODIS-Aqua) derived chlorophyll a and TSM was made along the southwest Bay of Bengal (BoB). The in-situ chl a and TSM concentration measured during different seasons were ranged from 0.09 to 10.63 μgl^?1 and 11.04–43.75 mgl^?1 respectively. OCM-2 and MODIS derived chl a showed the maximum (6–8 μgl^?1) at nearshore waters and the minimum (0–1 μgl^?1) along the offshore waters. OCM-2 derived TSM imageries showed the maximum (50–60 mgl^?1) along the nearshore waters of Palk Strait and the moderate concentration (2–5 mgl^?1) was observed in the offshore waters. MODIS derived minimum TSM concentration (13.244 mgl^?1) was recorded along the offshore waters, while the maximum concentration of 15.78 mgl^?1 was found along the Kodiakarai region. The inter-comparison of OCM-2 and MODIS chl a data (R ² ?=?0.549, n?=?49, p?<?0.001, SEE?=?±0.117) indicate that MODIS data overestimates chl a concentration in the nearshore waters of the southern BoB compared to the OCM-2. The correlation between OCM-2 and MODIS-Aqua TSM data (R ² ?=?0.508, N?=?53, P?<?0.001 and SEE?=?±0.024) confirms that variation in the range of values measured by OCM-2 (2–60 mgl^?1) and the MODIS (13–16 mgl^?1) derived TSM values. Despite problems in range of measurements, persistent cloud cover etc., the launch of satellites like OCM-2 with relatively high spatial resolutions makes job easier and possible to monitor chl a distribution and sediment discharges on day to day basis in the southwest BoB.  相似文献   

Mapping of seawater inundation along Nagapattinam based on field observations   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

M. V. Ramana Murthy  N. T. Reddy  Y. Pari  Tune Usha  P. Mishra 《Natural Hazards》2012,60(1):161-179

Nagapattinam, in the east coast of India, was severely affected during the deadliest Indian Ocean tsunami of December 26, 2004. The tsunami caused heavy damage to life and property, and the death toll was about 3,378 in Nagapattinam taluk. Certain villages along the coast witnessed large inundation while adjacent villages were protected from the fury of the tsunami waves. This study was carried out to examine the underlying causes for the vulnerability along Nagapattinam coast with the help of field observations, remote sensing, and geographical information system as tools. Coastal areas with high sand dunes have been protected from tsunami, and areas adjacent to backwaters were inundated. Realtime Kinematic Global Positioning System and high-resolution satellite data were used to map the topographic information and maximum extent of inundation. Thematic maps on land use, land cover, and coastal geomorphology were generated using remote sensing and field data. Using field data as the primary source of information, tsunami hazard maps have been generated for Nagapattinam.  相似文献   

Chemical and isotopic seismic precursory signatures in deep groundwater: Cause and effect     

D.V. Reddy  P. Nagabhushanam 《Applied Geochemistry》2012

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